Understanding the Evolutions of Iranian Women’s Identity

Anbarmoo, Mansour

doi:10.52547/jep.3.2.275

Understanding the Evolutions of Iranian Women’s Identity

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Mansour Anbarmoo

Ph D in Political Science, Researcher at Islamic Azad University, Research and Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran

10.52547/jep.3.2.275

Abstract

The living and social nature of women has always been questioned by traditional and modern political systems, forces and social currents, from both religious and secular sides. To explain this subject methodically, the problem of research can be made more comprehensible by formulating the concept of "Living Shi’ism", which is considered as a manifestation of collective unconsciousness and the context of political and social action. The main question of the article is what the role, weight and influence of Living Shi’ism ideas are in the processes of shaping women's political and social behaviors in contemporary Iranian history? Living Shi’ism in Iran is not entirely Shiite, but it borrowed concepts and received influences as a result of interaction and intellectual contact with intellectual currents and ideologies. Findings showed the process of political and social identification of Iranian women is influenced by a set of thinking styles and patterns based on Shiite teachings or alienation and borrowing from new intellectual currents making any socio-political status conditional on their acceptance and reform. Patterns such as modern Iranian woman, Shiite autocratic woman, left feminist woman, armed Mujahid woman, housewife with hijab, Religious Modern woman and the emergence of dual hijab /veil and woman with hijab /chaste woman are examples of empathy or women's encounter with Living Shi’ism in different periods of Iranian contemporary history. Hence social structures such as unveiling, forced hijab, the transformation of hijab from a religious to political matter, and the formation of foregoing currents are not sudden, but a gradual process of women's biological interaction with Iranian society.

Keywords

20.1001.1.27171485.2022.3.2.11.0

References

Abrahamian, E. (1982). Iran between Two Revolutions, Princeton University Press.

Akhavi, Sh. (1993). The Role of the Clergy in the Iranian Political Scene (1949-1954) from the book of “Mossadegh, Oil and Iranian Nationalism”, James Bill, William Roger Lewis (1988), Tehran, Farhang-e No Publication.

Bamdad, B. (1967). The Status of Women in Iran between the Constitutional Revolution (1905-11) and the White Revolution (1963). Tehran: Sina Publication.

Bouzarinezhad, Y. (2019). A Comparative Study of the Status of Muslim Women in the Thought of Motahhari and Seyed Qutb, Journal of Islamic Social Research, 25 (1): 18-21.

Donya (1979). Theoretical and Political Journal of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran. 3 (1): 23-26.

Farhadivand, V. (2020). The Role of Women in the Cultural Situation of Iran of Qajar Period. MA Thesis. Zanjan University.

Farokhzad, P. (2002). Biographies of many Iranian women. Tehran: Qatreh Publication.

Feirahi, D. (2010). Utopia is an Islamic world not Greek. Panjareh Publication. No. 69: 6-10.

Haeri Yazdi, A. (2015). Estefta’at. Ahmad Abedifat, Zaer Publication.

Inloes, A. (2015). Journal of Shi’a Islamic studies, 7 (10): 324-365.

Kambakhsh, A. (1972). A Review of the Workers' and Communist Movement in Iran, Bita, Tudeh Party of Iran Publications, Available at the Library of the Islamic Majlis.

Karami, M. T., & Mahboobi Shariat Panahi, N. (2013). Islamic Feminism, Concepts and Possibilities, Strategic Studies of Women, 15 (59): 26-30.

Key Ostovan, H. (1948). Negative Balance Policy in 14^th Majlis. Vol 2. Eslami Publication.

Khajeh Nouri, E. (1978). Golden Age Actors, Vol. IV. Javidan Publication.

Khomeini, R. (1986). Sahifey-e Emam. Emam Khomeini Publishing House. Vol. 1.

Mirlohi, M. (1989). Fadaiyan-e-Islam, History, Actions, thoughts. Kolbey-e Shorough Publications.

Mirlohi, M. (1950). Facts Guidelines; Islamic Government Charter in 1950 through Fadaiyan-e-Islam. Omid-e Farda Publication.

Khosrowshahi, H. (2000). Collection of works of Seyed Jamaluddin. Kolbey-e Shorough Publication. Vol. 4-5.

Mateo Mohammad, F. (2020). Women and Gender in the Iran-Iraq war, Syracuse University press.

Modir Shanechi, M. (2015). Democratic Party of Iran & the Developments of the 1320s. Tehran: Chapakhsh Publication.

Mosaddegh, M. (1999). Will in Shiite Islamic Law. Trans by Ali Mohammad Tabatabaei. Zaryab Publication. 1^st eds.

Moslehzadeh, F. (2021). Reading Legislative Texts related to Women, a Review of Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd's article, Retrieved from www.doornamaa.com.

Motahari, M. (2019). Hijab. Sadra Publication. Eds. 121.

Nouri Niyaraki, M. (2019). A Comparative Study on Two Attitudes of “Zaban-e Zanan” & “Namey-e Banovan” Publications toward the women issues. MA Thesis, Alzahra University.

Ohadi, S. (2021). An Interview with the Chief Manager of Bonyad-e Shahid and Isargaran Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.isaar.ir

Pahlavi, M. R. (1960). Mission for My Country. Artesh Publication.

Rakhshad, M. H. (2002). Dar Mahzar-e Allameh Tabatabaei. Nahavandi Publication.

Rezazadeh Fakhrayi, E. (1965). Sardar-e-Jangal. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication.

Rahnama, A. (2005). Religious Forces on the basis of the National Movement. Gam-e Now Publication. 1^st eds.

Razavi, S. M. (2018). The Thought of Religious Reform in Iran: A Historical Introduction. Shirazeh Publication.

Sabout, A. (2010). The views of Akhund Khorasani and his students. Tehran: Tarh-e No Publications.

Sanasarian, E. (2005). The women's Rights Movement in Iran (Mutiny, Appeasement, and Repression from 1900 to Khomeini). Tehran. Akhtaran Publication.

Sanei, S. Y. (2013). Interview with the Guardian newspaper, Retrieved from www.http://saanei.xyz

Shariati, A. (1971). Fatemeh is Fatemeh. Hoseinieh Ershad Publication.

Shariati, A. (2005). Women in the Heart of Muhammad. The Cultural Association of Dr. Ali Shariati Mazinani.

Sadr, M. (2018). Women and Challenges in Society. Imam Musa Sadr Cultural Research Institute, translated by Ahmad Nazem et al.

Spragens, T. A. (2020). Understanding Political Theory. Trans. Farhand Rajaei. Agah Publication.

Taleghani, M. (1979). Interview with Keyhan Newspaper(11.03.1979).

Tabari, E. (2016). Iranian Society in the period of Reza Shah Pahlavi. Ferdows Publication.

Thurfjell, D. )2006). Living Shiism; Instances of Ritualisation Among Islamist Men in Contemporary Iran, Brill press (Trans. Sayyed Shahab Aldin Oudi, Arma Publication).

Yvonne Davis, A. (1983). Women, Race and Class, Vintage Books.