A Fuzzy Analytical Framework for Examining the Effects of Demographic Variables, Human Development, and Employment on Sustainability

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Economics Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

2 PHD of Econometrics, Economics Faculty. Allameh Tabatabai University of Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Economics Faculty. Allameh Tabatabai University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study examines sustainability in BRICS countries (Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Russia, and South Africa) by analyzing the interaction of key capitals—natural, human, social, technological, and cultural—and the growing importance of human consciousness in shaping sustainability outcomes over the period from 1993 to 2024. Using a fuzzy logic methodology, the study explores the relationship between natural resource rents (% of GDP) and variables such as population, education, employment, health, and energy intensity. The results show that human capital, especially education and social awareness, is the most influential driver of sustainability. For instance, education in China (6.85) and Energy intensity level in Egypt (5.42) demonstrate strong impacts, while health expenditure in Iran (4.81) also plays a key role. These findings indicate that enhancing education, health, and cultural awareness strengthens mental adaptability, innovation, and collective decision-making. Fuzzy logic effectively manages uncertainty and complexity in policymaking, confirming that advancing human consciousness through education and health investment is vital for sustainable development. Ultimately, human choice, guided by awareness and values, determines the sustainability trajectory of BRICS nations.

Keywords

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International Journal of New Political Economy

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 08 February 2026

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  • Receive Date: 04 December 2025
  • Revise Date: 29 January 2026
  • Accept Date: 08 February 2026
  • First Publish Date: 08 February 2026
  • Publish Date: 08 February 2026

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